LA01 : ICT and Soceity

1.1.1.1 Define ICT.
ICT is the technology required for information processing, in particular, the use electronics computers, communication devices and application software to convert, store, protect, process, transmit and retrieve information from anywhere, anytime.

1.1.1.2 Describe The Brief Evolution Of Computers
Fist Generation Computers ( 1940-1956)
During the first generation, computer were with vacuum tubes. Vacuum tube is an electronic tube is made of glass used as computer components to store and process data. The problems of vacuum tube are generates lots of heat that can damage computer and tube can burnt out frequently. ENIAC is first generation computer that contains weights of 30 tons, 18000 vacuum tubes, 30-50 foot space and 16000 watts of power.
Advantages of computers in this era : The using of vacuum tubes that can store and process data.
Second Generation Computers ( 1956-1963)
Transistors were use to replace vacuum tubes in computers. Transistors are small devices that transfer electronic signal across resistor. One transistor replaced the equivalent of 40 vacuum tubes. Transistors do not produced lots of heats and use less power. Transistors were faster, cheaper and smaller than vacuum tubes. The new computers were faster, smaller and more reliable than the first generation machines.
Advantages of computers in this era : The using of transistors was better than vacuum tubes.
Third Generation Computers ( 1964-1971)
In 1964, computer manufactures began replacing transistors with integrated circuits. An integrated circuits (IC) is acomplete electronic circuit on a small chip made of silicon. These computers were more reliable and compact than computers made with transistors, and they cost less to manufacture.
Advantages of computers in this era : Integrated circuits were reliable, compact and cheaper than transistors.
Fourth Generation Computers ( 1971-Present)
The microprocessor brought the fourth generation of computers, as thousands of integrated circuits were built onto a single silicon chip. What in the first generation filled an entire room could now fit in the palm of the hand.
The Intel 4004 chip, developed in 1971, located all the components of the computer - from the central processing unit and memory to input / output controls - on a single chip.
Advantages of computers in this era : Computers are 100 times smaller than ENIAC.
Fifth Generation Computers ( Present and Beyond)
Fifth generation computing devices, based on artificial intelligence, are still in development, thought there are some applications, such as voice recognation, that are being used today.